See raff on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "raff merchant"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "raf"
},
"expansion": "Middle English raf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "raffer"
},
"expansion": "Old French raffer",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "raffen"
},
"expansion": "German raffen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English raf, from Old French raffer, of Germanic origin; compare German raffen, akin to rap (“to snatch”). Compare riffraff, rip (“to tear”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "raffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "raff (countable and uncountable, plural raffs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1680, Isaac Barrow, A Discourse Concerning The Unity Of The Church:",
"text": "A raff of errors.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A promiscuous heap; a jumble; a large quantity; lumber; refuse."
],
"id": "en-raff-en-noun-0qLcT0pO",
"links": [
[
"promiscuous",
"promiscuous"
],
[
"heap",
"heap"
],
[
"jumble",
"jumble"
],
[
"lumber",
"lumber"
],
[
"refuse",
"refuse"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1839, Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist:",
"text": "Jostling with unemployed labourers of the lowest class, ballast-heavers, coal-whippers, brazen women, ragged children, and the raff and refuse of the river, he makes his way with difficulty along […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The common rabble or mob; riffraff."
],
"id": "en-raff-en-noun-H-1dUxwm",
"links": [
[
"rabble",
"rabble"
],
[
"mob",
"mob"
],
[
"riffraff",
"riffraff"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A low fellow; a churl."
],
"id": "en-raff-en-noun-OATBcgTu",
"links": [
[
"churl",
"churl"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹæf/"
}
],
"word": "raff"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "raf"
},
"expansion": "Middle English raf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "raffer"
},
"expansion": "Old French raffer",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "raffen"
},
"expansion": "German raffen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English raf, from Old French raffer, of Germanic origin; compare German raffen, akin to rap (“to snatch”). Compare riffraff, rip (“to tear”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "raffs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "raffing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "raffed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "raffed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "raff (third-person singular simple present raffs, present participle raffing, simple past and past participle raffed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1609, Richard Carew, The Survey of Cornwall. […], new edition, London: […] B. Law, […]; Penzance, Cornwall: J. Hewett, published 1769, →OCLC:",
"text": "Causes and effects which I thus raffe up together.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To sweep, snatch, draw, or huddle together; to take by a promiscuous sweep."
],
"id": "en-raff-en-verb-iHcuKVQP",
"links": [
[
"sweep",
"sweep"
],
[
"snatch",
"snatch"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹæf/"
}
],
"word": "raff"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "raffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "raff (plural raffs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "20 7 13 44 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 7 32 6 9 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 35 5 7 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A three-cornered sail set on a schooner when before the wind."
],
"id": "en-raff-en-noun-ZonK3F8e",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"sail",
"sail"
],
[
"schooner",
"schooner"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) A three-cornered sail set on a schooner when before the wind."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "raffe"
},
{
"word": "raffie"
}
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹæf/"
}
],
"word": "raff"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "raff",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "raffen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"singular imperative of raffen"
],
"id": "en-raff-de-verb-AaNuN1mt",
"links": [
[
"raffen",
"raffen#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 6 7 32 6 9 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 35 5 7 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "raffen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present of raffen"
],
"id": "en-raff-de-verb-O2Lt~DXi",
"links": [
[
"raffen",
"raffen#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) first-person singular present of raffen"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʁaf/"
},
{
"audio": "De-raff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/De-raff.ogg/De-raff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/De-raff.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "RAF"
}
],
"word": "raff"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rhaff",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "raff",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mutated noun"
},
"expansion": "raff",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rhaff"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rhaff"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Soft mutation of rhaff."
],
"id": "en-raff-cy-noun-IuGK~2mf",
"links": [
[
"rhaff",
"rhaff#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/raːf/"
}
],
"word": "raff"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Germanic languages",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "raff merchant"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "raf"
},
"expansion": "Middle English raf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "raffer"
},
"expansion": "Old French raffer",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "raffen"
},
"expansion": "German raffen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English raf, from Old French raffer, of Germanic origin; compare German raffen, akin to rap (“to snatch”). Compare riffraff, rip (“to tear”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "raffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "raff (countable and uncountable, plural raffs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1680, Isaac Barrow, A Discourse Concerning The Unity Of The Church:",
"text": "A raff of errors.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A promiscuous heap; a jumble; a large quantity; lumber; refuse."
],
"links": [
[
"promiscuous",
"promiscuous"
],
[
"heap",
"heap"
],
[
"jumble",
"jumble"
],
[
"lumber",
"lumber"
],
[
"refuse",
"refuse"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1839, Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist:",
"text": "Jostling with unemployed labourers of the lowest class, ballast-heavers, coal-whippers, brazen women, ragged children, and the raff and refuse of the river, he makes his way with difficulty along […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The common rabble or mob; riffraff."
],
"links": [
[
"rabble",
"rabble"
],
[
"mob",
"mob"
],
[
"riffraff",
"riffraff"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A low fellow; a churl."
],
"links": [
[
"churl",
"churl"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹæf/"
}
],
"word": "raff"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Germanic languages",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "raf"
},
"expansion": "Middle English raf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "raffer"
},
"expansion": "Old French raffer",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "raffen"
},
"expansion": "German raffen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English raf, from Old French raffer, of Germanic origin; compare German raffen, akin to rap (“to snatch”). Compare riffraff, rip (“to tear”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "raffs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "raffing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "raffed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "raffed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "raff (third-person singular simple present raffs, present participle raffing, simple past and past participle raffed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1609, Richard Carew, The Survey of Cornwall. […], new edition, London: […] B. Law, […]; Penzance, Cornwall: J. Hewett, published 1769, →OCLC:",
"text": "Causes and effects which I thus raffe up together.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To sweep, snatch, draw, or huddle together; to take by a promiscuous sweep."
],
"links": [
[
"sweep",
"sweep"
],
[
"snatch",
"snatch"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹæf/"
}
],
"word": "raff"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "raffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "raff (plural raffs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"A three-cornered sail set on a schooner when before the wind."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"sail",
"sail"
],
[
"schooner",
"schooner"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) A three-cornered sail set on a schooner when before the wind."
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹæf/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "raffe"
},
{
"word": "raffie"
}
],
"word": "raff"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German non-lemma forms",
"German terms with homophones",
"German verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "raff",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "raffen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"singular imperative of raffen"
],
"links": [
[
"raffen",
"raffen#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German colloquialisms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "raffen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present of raffen"
],
"links": [
[
"raffen",
"raffen#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) first-person singular present of raffen"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʁaf/"
},
{
"audio": "De-raff.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/De-raff.ogg/De-raff.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/De-raff.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "RAF"
}
],
"word": "raff"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rhaff",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "raff",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mutated noun"
},
"expansion": "raff",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rhaff"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh mutated nouns",
"Welsh non-lemma forms",
"Welsh soft-mutation forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rhaff"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Soft mutation of rhaff."
],
"links": [
[
"rhaff",
"rhaff#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/raːf/"
}
],
"word": "raff"
}
Download raw JSONL data for raff meaning in All languages combined (7.1kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/2522",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: rhaff, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"raff"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "raff",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2530",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: unchanged, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"raff"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "raff",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2530",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: unchanged, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"raff"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "raff",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'unchanged'",
"path": [
"raff"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "raff",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'unchanged'",
"path": [
"raff"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "raff",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.